Unit 49

rigor / vigor / rigid / rigorous

rigor n. 严格，严厉 (the fact of being strict and severe) /ˈrɪɡər/

• If the code violations at London's Grenfell Towers had been assessed with more rigor, the fire would have been less deadly.

vigor n. 活力，精力 (strength, energy, or determination) /ˈviɡər/

• Energy drink marketers claim their beverages give the drinker more vigor, but I'm not sure the average human needs that much extra energy.

rigid adj. 僵硬的 (not flexible) /ˈrɪdʒɪd/

• Automobiles have a rigid outer body that acts as a shell to protect the engine and the occupants.

rigorous adj. 严格的 (very strict and demanding) /ˈriɡ(ə)rəs/

• In order to reach the Olympic level, athletes must follow a rigorous training schedule that monopolizes most of their time and energy.

hubris / hybrid

hubris n. 自大，傲慢 (exaggerated pride or self-confidence) /ˈ(h)jubrəs/

• The heroes of Greek epics, such as Odysseus and Ulysses, are invariably punished for their hubris each time they attempt to cheat fate.

hybrid n. 杂交，混合 (an animal or plant that is produced from two animals or plants of different kinds) /ˈhaɪˌbrɪd/

• A mule is a hybrid between a horse and a donkey.

emphatic / empathetic

emphatic adj. 着重的，强调的 (said or done in a forceful or definite way) / əmˈfædɪk/

• Margot's emphatic request to leave the dance made it very clear that she was not enjoying herself.

empathetic adj. 移情作用的，痛感的 (involving, characterized by, or based on empathy) /ˌɛmpəˈθɛdɪk/

• Our school counselor is so empathetic that we feel comfortable discussing an array of personal subjects with her.